Art

Seven ways of seeing

Movements drawn as small studies, a way to look at any picture and a wall of colour studies.

Seven movements

Original studies in the spirit of each, not copies of any work.

Renaissance

Italy · 1400s to 1500s

Painters used linear perspective and the study of anatomy to build convincing space. Brunelleschi worked out perspective around 1415, and artists such as Leonardo and Raphael built on it.

Look for: Lines that meet at a vanishing point

Impressionism

France · 1870s to 1880s

Quick, visible brushwork caught changing light outdoors. The name came from a critic who mocked Monet’s Impression, Sunrise after the group’s first show in 1874.

Look for: Colour broken into small touches

Art Nouveau

Europe · c. 1890 to 1910

Long, flowing lines taken from plants and flowers, used in posters, glass, jewellery and architecture. Mucha, Gaudí, Tiffany and Guimard are among its names.

Look for: The whiplash curve

Art Deco

Paris and New York · 1920s and 1930s

Named after the 1925 Paris exhibition of decorative arts. Sharp geometry, sunbursts and rich materials such as lacquer, brass and marble.

Look for: Fans, zigzags and stepped forms

Bauhaus

Germany · 1919 to 1933

A school founded by Walter Gropius that joined art, craft and industry. Teachers linked basic shapes with primary colours: a yellow triangle, a red square and a blue circle.

Look for: Simple shapes in primary colours

Ukiyo-e and seigaiha

Japan · Edo period, 1603 to 1868

Woodblock prints of the floating world of theatre, travel and city life. The wave motif drawn here is seigaiha, a traditional Japanese pattern of overlapping arcs.

Look for: Flat colour and strong outline

Minimalism

United States · 1960s

Artists such as Donald Judd and Dan Flavin reduced works to simple forms, colour and surface, so that the viewer’s presence in the room becomes part of the work.

Look for: A single field of colour

How to look at a painting

Five habits that make a gallery visit richer.

Give it two minutes

Most people glance for seconds. Stay long enough for details to surface.

Move

Look from across the room, then close enough to see the brushwork.

Follow the edges

Notice where forms are crisp and where they dissolve.

Read the temperature

Warm colours advance and cool ones recede. See how the painter balances them.

Title last

Form your own view first, then read the label and see what changes.

The salon wall

Six colour studies drawn for this site, hung the way a collector might hang them.

No. 1 · Dusk fields
No. 2 · Three orbs
No. 3 · Arches
No. 4 · Evening stripes
No. 5 · Crescent
No. 6 · Nested squares

Starting a collection

Practical steps for a first-time buyer.

Start on paper

Prints, drawings and photographs cost less than paintings and teach you what you like.

Look widely first

Visit galleries, fairs and auction previews before you buy anything.

Buy what you would miss

Choose pieces you keep thinking about, not pieces that only match a sofa.

Keep records

File receipts, certificates and condition notes for every work. Ask for documentation and consider independent advice on authenticity and price.